Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel Bridge

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STEEL AND STEEL–CONCRETE COMPOSITE BRIDGES

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction 1

1.1 General remarks 1

1.2 Types of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 7

1.3 Literature review of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 20

1.4 Finite element modeling of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 39

1.5 Current design codes of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 41

References 42

2. Nonlinear Material Behavior of the Bridge Components 47

2.1 General remarks 47

2.2 Nonlinear material properties of structural steel 48

2.3 Nonlinear material properties of concrete 62

2.4 Nonlinear material properties of reinforcement bars 73

2.5 Nonlinear material properties of prestressing tendons 78

2.6 Nonlinear behavior of shear connection 82

References 107

3. Applied Loads and Stability of Steel and Steel-Concrete

Composite Bridges 113

3.1 General remarks 113

3.2 Dead loads of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 114

3.3 Live loads on steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 116

3.4 Horizontal forces on steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 127

3.5 Other loads on steel and steel-concrete composite bridges 136

3.6 Load combinations 155

3.7 Design approaches 161

3.8 Stability of steel and steel-concrete composite plate girder bridges 166

3.9 Stability of steel and steel-concrete composite truss bridges 190

3.10 Design of bolted and welded joints 193

3.11 Design of bridge bearings 209

References 220

4. Design Examples of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges 221

4.1 General remarks 221

4.2 Design example of a double-track plate girder deck railway steel bridge 222

4.3 Design example of a through truss highway steel bridge 263

4.4 Design example of a highway steel-concrete composite bridge 339

4.5 Design example of a double-track plate girder pony railway steel bridge 364

4.6 Design example of a deck truss highway steel bridge 405

5. Finite Element Analysis of Steel and Steel-Concrete

Composite Bridges 469

5.1 General remarks 469

5.2 Choice of finite element types for steel and steel-concrete composite

bridges 470

5.3 Choice of finite element mesh for the bridges and bridge components 496

5.4 Material modeling of the bridge components 501

5.5 Linear and nonlinear analyses of the bridges and bridge components 516

5.6 Riks method 527

5.7 Modeling of initial imperfections and residual stresses 540

5.8 Modeling of shear connection for steel-concrete composite bridges 543

5.9 Application of loads and boundary conditions on the bridges 551

References 553

6. Examples of Finite Element Models of Steel Bridges 555

6.1 General remarks 555

6.2 Previous work 555

6.3 Finite element modeling and results of example 1 567

6.4 Finite element modeling and results of example 2 575

6.5 Finite element modeling and results of example 3 582

6.6 Finite element modeling and results of example 4 587

References 598

7. Examples of Finite Element Models of Steel-Concrete

Composite Bridges 601

7.1 General remarks 601

7.2 Previous work 602

7.3 Finite element modeling and results of example 1 618

7.4 Finite element modeling and results of example 2 626

7.5 Finite element modeling and results of example 3 632

References 638

Index 641

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