浅谈电池系统1d热仿真软件KULI

关于电池系统的热仿真手段，其实有几种不同的方法，就CFD软件而言，个人认为1D和3D最具有代表性。
本文仅就1D 软件做一个简单的说明，希望大家有机会尝试一下。
1D 软件的代表- kuli和 flowmaster
网上搜了一些信息，关于两个软件的介绍，简述一下如下：

KULI软件隶属于全球第三大汽车零部件供应和整车开发商Magna International (麦格纳国际)汽车集团旗下，公司全称为Engineer Center Steyr(斯太尔工程中心)，总部设在奥地利，就是当年与中国重汽合作，一起推动中国重型汽车业蓬勃发展的Steyr-Diamler-Puch(斯太尔)。
KULI的特长应该在算散热器和引擎匹配以及空调部分，Flowmaster我不是很熟，但他在流体方面侧重的更多，也许做内部的管路设计会更好些。在乘用车方面可以做一些概念设计：零部件尺寸、位置最优化；更换发动机后冷却系统的改进设计；行驶过程模拟、道路试验仿真；空调系统模拟：乘客舱内温升和温降过程研究 。目前而言使用的人也不是很多，关键是销售和售后策略有点保守！


个人最感兴趣的是其参数敏感性分析，这个有意思。


关于KULI:

Although the KULI battery cell model is mainly intended for simulating the behavior of one individual battery cell, it can also be used to simulate battery modules (i.e. several cells grouped together) or even complete battery packages. To do so (for a battery module):

• Enter the geometric size, so that it represents the complete module

• Enter the total module mass and the effective surface for heat transfer

• For simple geometries (e.g. several cylindrical cells grouped to a “stick”) plate theory can be used for convective heat approximation, for more complex layouts we recommend using measurements and direct input into 2d-curves.

• Enter electric properties for the complete module. Be aware that depending on whether the individual cells are connected in parallel or in serial, either the total capacity or the external voltage will be a multiple of the individual cell values.

对于电池系统热管理的分析，在求解过程中需要了解几个参数：电池的soc，ocv 内阻，电池单体的材料属性（比热容，导热系数，密度，温度系数），有了这些参数，结合电池系统的热管理方式，就可以做一个快速有效的分析，关于内部的一些元器件（散热器，水泵，cf模块，管道，空调系统，电池单体，模组等）名称及设置方法，具体见help文档。


Modeling modules and battery packages this way allows quick and easy “black box” assessments, but does not allow the evaluation of individual cell temperatures. If this is required, model each cell individually. KULI 9.1 will contain dedicated “Battery Module” and “Battery Pack” components, which will further facilitate this process.


混合动力汽车热管理模式搭建和分析结果

下例就是nrel结合空调系统的一个原理图，结合空调特性和控制策略，开启和关闭空调，系统可以给出不同的响应，完成不同工况的分析。


完整的模型搭建如下：
 




To validate the KULI model, the cell temperatures for a defined charging and discharging cycle, which is run several times, are compared with CFD results. In KULI, the cell itself is 
represented by two point masses that are connected with a thermal conductivity component. On the one hand this allows heat conduction in both directions and on the other hand the 
cell’s thermal lag is also modeled appropriately. The final 1D simulation model of the entire battery module consists of the individual cells, piping and tubing, heat exchanger and coolant 
pump。


 


参考文献：Simulating Thermal Management of Battery Modules for the Propulsion of Hybrid Vehicles  Peter Drage, Christian Kussmann, SebastianJagsch MAGNA STEYR Fahrzeugtechnik AG & CO KG  Graz, Austria