海啸引起的印度洋地震模拟仿真
本案例使用开源软件Gerris完成，下载链接：
http://gfs.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Installation_summary
2004年印度洋海啸是由于印度-澳大利亚和印度尼西亚的安达曼板块边界发生大规模断层破裂（> 1000公里）造成的。该案例运用格里利等人的断层模型作为圣维南原理分析海啸的初始条件。图1a中的动画展示了波高的演变。追踪波前中采用了自适应方法（图1.b），地形的动态重建依据ETOPO1数据集。
(图1a)波高动画图，图中峰值大于2m小于 -2m；(图1b)自适应动画图，图中波前峰值为海拔0.8海里和-101海里。
图2展示了断层破裂后在超过10小时的时间达到的最大波浪高度。
图2：超过10小时后最大波浪高度云图（以1m为显示间隔）：
(a)孟加拉弯，最小值（蓝色）0m，最大值（红色）5m。
(b) 苏门答腊北部和泰国附近的细节，最小值（蓝色）0m，最大值（红色）大于8m。
最后，图3给出了在印度洋特定位置的不同时间观测波高（使用潮汐测量仪）和模拟波高的对比图。
图3：在不同潮汐表位置观测到的波高和模拟波高的对比。备注：水平轴是断层破裂后的时间（以小时为单位）。
关键参数设置：
# Segment 1
Init {}
{
D = 0
}
InitOkada D
{
x = 94.57
y = 3.83
depth = 11.4857e3
strike = 323
dip = 12
rake = 90
length = 220e3
width = 130e3
U = 18
}
# Initial water level is at z = D
Init
{
start = 0
}
{
P = MAX (0., D - Zb)
}
# Segment 2
EventList
{
start = 212
step = 6
end = 272
}
{
Init {}
{
D = 0
}
InitOkada D
{
x = 93.90
y = 5.22
depth = 11.4857e3
strike = 348
dip = 12
rake = 90
length = 150e3
width = 130e3
U = 23
}
}
# make sure the deformation is well resolved
AdaptGradient
{
start = 212
istep = 1
end = 272
}
{
cmax = 0.05
cfactor = 2
minlevel = 5
maxlevel = LEVEL
} D
# add it to the current elevation field (only if wet)
Init
{
start = 272
}
{
P = (P < DRY ? P : MAX (0., P + D))
}
# Segment 3
EventList
{
start = 528
step = 6
end = 588
}
{
Init {}
{
D = 0
}
InitOkada D
{
x = 93.21
y = 7.41
depth = 12.525e3
strike = 338
dip = 12
rake = 90
length = 390e3
width = 120e3
U = 12
}
}
# make sure the deformation is well resolved
AdaptGradient
{
start = 528
istep = 1
end = 588
}
{
cmax = 0.05
cfactor = 2
minlevel = 5
maxlevel = LEVEL
} D
# add it to the current elevation field (only if wet)
Init
{
start = 588
}
{
P = (P < DRY ? P : MAX (0., P + D))
}
# Segment 4
EventList
{
start = 853
step = 6
end = 913
}
{
Init {}
{
D = 0
}
InitOkada D
{
x = 92.60
y = 9.70
depth = 15.12419e3
strike = 356
dip = 12
rake = 90
length = 150e3
width = 95e3
U = 12
}
}
# make sure the deformation is well resolved
AdaptGradient
{
start = 853
istep = 1
end = 913
}
{
cmax = 0.05
cfactor = 2
minlevel = 5
maxlevel = LEVEL
} D
# add it to the current elevation field (only if wet)
Init
{
start = 913
}
{
P = (P < DRY ? P : MAX (0., P + D))
}
# Segment 5
EventList
{
start = 1213
step = 6
end = 1273
}
{
Init {}
{
D = 0
}
InitOkada D
{
x = 92.87
y = 11.70
depth = 15.12419e3
strike = 10
dip = 12
rake = 90
length = 350e3
width = 95e3
U = 12
}
}
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