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This simulation of the forming of a channel in a long metal sheet illustrates the use of rigid surfaces and some of the more complex techniques often required for a successful contact analysis in Abaqus/Standard.

The problem consists of a strip of deformable material, called the blank, and the tools—the punch, die, and blank holder—that contact the blank. The tools are modeled as (analytical) rigid surfaces because they are much stiffer than the blank.
Figure 12–14
shows the basic arrangement of the components.