地面无人机动平台在过去几十年间取得了突飞猛进的发展,展现出其在军用和民用领域潜在的应用前景。本文首先从广义和狭义上定义了地面无人机动平台,然后阐述了军用地面无人机动平台的发展历程,分析了军用地面无人机动平台的基本组成和发展特点,总结了军用地面无人机动平台各子系统在发展过程中的关键技术。军用无人机动平台今后的研究重点将集中在:1)多传感器多模态传感器信息融合方法的研究;基于机器学习技术的障碍物、路面检测和分类方法的研究。2)GNSS、INS、VO和SLAM各定位子系统互补的高精度、长航时、大范围动态场景下的组合导航定位系统的研究。3)考虑欠驱动系统动力学模型、带约束的最优控制实时轨迹规划算法的研究;针对动态场景的快速动态重规划路径规划算法的研究。4)考虑精确车辆动力学的多约束非线性模型预测控制算法的研究;基于机器学习的路径跟踪智能控制方法的研究。5)面向用途和任务的高集成度、模块化的通用无人机动平台机电一体化设计技术的研究;以混合动力为主的电驱动技术、电传动技术,轻量化、高通过性、高机动性的底盘设计技术的研究。参考文献:(References)[1] 陈慧岩,熊光明,龚建伟,等.无人驾驶汽车概论[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2014.CHEN Hui-yan,XIONG Guang-ming,GONG Jian-wei,et al.Introduction to self-driving car[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2014.(in Chinese)[2] Gage D W.UGV history 101:a brief history of unmanned ground vehicle(UGV)development efforts,ADA422845[R].San Diego:Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center,1995.[3] Carlson J.Analysis of how mobile robots fail in the field[D]. 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